COVID-19 pandemic and exercising: a cross-sectional study with 1156 patients with fibromyalgia

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of pandemic in the exercising practice and impact of the disease in patients with Fibromyalgia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, Internet-based survey answered by 1156 individuals with Fibromyalgia diagnosis. Questions were on epidemiology, social distancing habits, and exercise practice before and after COVID-19 pandemic, including subtypes of exercises (for resistance, flexibility, balance, and strength). The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: In the whole sample, 57.7% of individuals practiced exercises before pandemic; during pandemic, only 34.8% practiced and 39.6% left this practice. Among those taking quarantine (n=440), 52.9% used to do exercises prior to pandemic; in the pandemic, 28.1% (reduction of 53.2%). The median Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire among those who practiced exercises in the pandemic was 73.6 (61.1-83.2) and that among those who did not was 80.4 (71.9-86.9), with p<0.0001. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire did not change according to the type of physical exercise (p=0.27). CONCLUSION: A high proportion of patients with Fibromyalgia stopped exercising during COVID-19 pandemic; as a result, the impact of the disease during this period was worse among those not practicing exercises.

Effects of Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome on activities of daily living in multiple sclerosis patients / Efectos del Síndrome de Fibromialgia Comórbido en actividades cotidianas en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the frequency of Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome and its effects on quality of life and activities of daily living without any known psychiatric problem (schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) or severe disability, other than depression, in patients with multiple sclerosis, which is known to be a chronic disease in young adults. Methods: The study included 103 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, following McDonald criteria, who had relapsing remitting disease. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 were applied for all patients. Results were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: Mean age was 35.04±8.72 years in the study population. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was 2.21±0.93. Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome was detected in 20 patients (19.4%). The mean score of Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 was found to be significantly higher in multiple sclerosis patients with Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome when compared to those without it (34.80±9.14 versus 71.67±13.95; p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that increased frequency of Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome in multiple sclerosis causes worsening in activities of daily living and quality of life, delayed diagnosis, disability progression, and increased admission rates. Questioning and appropriately managing Comorbid Fibromyalgia Syndrome in clinical practice are important to improve the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar la frecuencia del Síndrome de Fibromialgia Comórbido y sus efectos sobre la calidad de vida y las actividades cotidianas sin problemas psiquiátricos conocidos o discapacidad grave en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple, que se conoce como una enfermedad crónica en adultos jóvenes. Métodos: El estudio incluyó a 103 pacientes diagnosticados con esclerosis múltiple, según los criterios de McDonald, que tenían enfermedad remitente recurrente. En todos los pacientes se completaron: el Cuestionario de Impacto de Fibromialgia, el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck, el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, la Escala de Gravedad de Fatiga y la Calidad de Vida de la Esclerosis Múltiple-54. Los resultados se analizaron mediante métodos estadísticos. Resultados: La edad media fue de 35,04±8,72 años en la población de estudio. La puntuación de la Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) fue de 2,21±0,93. Se detectó el Síndrome de Fibromialgia Comórbido en 20 pacientes (19,4%). Se encontró que la puntuación media de la Calidad de Vida de la Esclerosis Múltiple-54 era significativamente más alta en pacientes de esclerosis múltiple con Síndrome de Fibromialgia Comórbido en comparación con aquellos sin él (34,80±9,14 versus 71,67±13,95; p<0,05). Conclusión: Esos resultados indican que el aumento de la frecuencia del Síndrome de Fibromialgia Comórbido en la esclerosis múltiple provoca empeoramiento de las actividades cotidianas y la calidad de vida, diagnóstico tardío, progresión de la discapacidad y mayores tasas de admisión. Cuestionar y manejar adecuadamente el Síndrome de Fibromialgia Comórbido en la práctica clínica son importantes para mejorar la calidad de vida en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple.

Implementing a chronic pain ambulatory care: preliminary results / Implementação de atendimento ambulatorial para dor crônica: resultados preliminares

Abstract Background and objectives: Pain is one of the most common reason for seeking medical care. This study aimed to analyze patients with chronic pain in Maricá, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Methods: A transversal retrospective study with 200 patients, who were treated in ambulatory care in a public hospital from June 2014 to December 2015. The variables considered were: pain intensity, type of pain, anatomical location, diagnosis and treatment. The data were statistically analyzed, the Fisher's exact test was applied, and the probability p was significant when ≤0.05. Results: We analyzed 200 patients with chronic pain, most of them female (83%). Mean age was 58.6 ± 13.01 years old. The patients were classified in groups by age, six groups with ten years of difference between them. Main age range was the 50-59 years old group, with 49 females (32%) and 5 males (15%). About 65.5% of the total of patients (131) had severe pain (Numeric Rating Sacale was 9.01). Mixed pain was predominant, affecting 108 patients (92 females and 16 males, what represents 55% and 47% of the total of females and males, respectively, that participate in the study). The most prevalent anatomical pain (159 patients, 131 females and 28 males) was in the lower limbs. Lower back pain was present in 113 of the 200 patients (94 females and 19 males). In the 30-39, 50-59, 60-69 years old group, the results for pain locations were significant: p = 0.01, p = 0.0069, p = 0.0003, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic pain was associated with females in 50-59 years old and severe mixed pain. Pain was located mainly in lower limbs and lumbar region. The most frequent diagnosis was low back pain followed by fibromyalgia. The patients were informed about their disease and treatment.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: A dor é um dos motivos mais comuns para procurar atendimento médico. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar pacientes com dor crônica atendidos em Maricá, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal retrospectivo com 200 pacientes, atendidos em ambulatório de um hospital público no período de junho de 2014 a dezembro de 2015. As variáveis analisadas foram: intensidade da dor, tipo de dor, localização anatômica, diagnóstico e tratamento. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, aplicou-se o teste exato de Fisher, e o valor p foi significativo quando ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Analisamos 200 pacientes com dor crônica, sendo a maioria mulheres (83%). A média de idade foi de 58,6 ± 13,01 anos. Os pacientes foram classificados em seis grupos de acordo com a faixa etária, com dez anos de diferença entre eles. O grupo principal foi entre 50-59 anos, com 49 mulheres (32%) e cinco homens (15%). Dos pacientes, 65,5% apresentaram dor intensa (Escala Visual Numérica 9,01). A dor mista foi prevalente, afetou 108 pacientes (92 mulheres e 16 homens, o que representa 55% e 47% do total de mulheres e homens, respectivamente). A dor anatômica mais prevalente (159 pacientes, 131 mulheres e 28 homens) foi nos membros inferiores. A dor na parte inferior das costas estava presente em 113 das 200 pessoas analisadas (94% mulheres e 19% homens). Nos grupos entre 30-39, 50-59 e 60-69 anos, os resultados para a localização da dor foram significativos: p = 0,01, p = 0,0069, p = 0,0003, respectivamente. Conclusão: A prevalência de dor crônica foi associada ao sexo feminino na faixa de 50-59 anos e à dor mista intensa. A dor foi localizada principalmente nos membros inferiores e na região lombar. O diagnóstico mais frequente foi de lombalgia seguida de fibromialgia. Os pacientes foram informados sobre suas doenças e tratamento.

Percepção e enfrentamento da dor em crianças e adolescentes com fibromialgia juvenil e artrite idiopática juvenil poliarticular / Pain perception and pain coping mechanisms in children and adolescents with juvenile fibromyalgia and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis

RESUMO Objetivo: Mensurar e comparar a dor musculoesquelética em pacientes com fibromialgia juvenil (FMJ) e em pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil poliarticular (AIJ); e avaliar e comparar a percepção e o enfrentamento da dor. Métodos: Foram avaliados, em estudo transversal, 150 crianças e adolescentes (e seus respectivos pais), divididos em três grupos: FMJ, AIJ e controles saudáveis. A mensuração e o enfrentamento da dor foram realizados por meio de instrumentos específicos. Para a avaliação da percepção da dor, desenvolveram-se três vinhetas com simulação de situações que pudessem gerar dor: aplicação de injeção, queda de bicicleta e isolamento social. Os pais e os pacientes responderam individualmente quanto à percepção da dor em cada situação. Resultados: As maiores notas de dor, os menores escores de enfrentamento da dor, as maiores notas para a percepção da dor nas vinhetas e os piores índices de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde foram observados nos pacientes com FMJ, quando comparados aos pacientes com AIJ e aos controles. O mesmo padrão foi observado com os respectivos pais. Conclusões: Pacientes com AIJ e FMJ se comportam diferentemente em relação à percepção da dor e ao desenvolvimento de técnicas para o enfrentamento da dor. A dor deve ser avaliada sob diferentes perspectivas para um planejamento mais individualizado e efetivo do tratamento desses pacientes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To measure and compare musculoskeletal pain in patients with juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to evaluate and compare pain perception and pain coping mechanisms in these patients. Methods: In this cross sectional study, we evaluated 150 children and adolescents, and their respective parents, from 3 different groups: JFM, polyarticular JIA, and healthy controls. Pain intensity and pain coping mechanisms were measured using specific questionnaires. Pain perception was evaluated according to three illustrations simulating situations that might cause pain: a shot, a bicycle fall, and social isolation. The patients' parents also filled out the questionnaires and provided a pain score that matched their child's perception of pain for each illustration. Results: The highest pain scores, the lowest pain coping strategy scores, the highest pain perception scores for all three illustrations, and the worse health related to quality of life indicators were observed in the JFM group, when compared to the JIA and control groups. The same pattern was observed with their parents. Conclusions: Patients with JIA and JFM behave differently in relation to pain perception and the development pain coping mechanisms. Pain should be evaluated from different perspectives for an individualized and efficient treatment of patients.

La fibromialgia con una visión desde la atención primaria / Fibromyalgia, a vision from the primary care

RESUMEN La fibromialgia es una enfermedad crónica, definida por dolor generalizado, a menudo acompañado de fatiga y alteraciones del sueño, la cual afecta a uno de cada 20 pacientes en la atención primaria. Aunque la mayoría de los pacientes con fibromialgia se manejan en la atención primaria, el diagnóstico y tratamiento continúan presentando un desafío, y los pacientes se envían a menudo las consultas de otros especialistas. Las investigaciones exhaustivas, la prescripción de múltiples drogas para tratar los diferentes síntomas, los retrasos en el diagnóstico, y el aumento de la invalidez, necesita de un conocimiento más profundo y un tratamiento basado en el médico de la atención primaria. Se hizo una revisión de diferentes publicaciones actualizadas sobre la epidemiología, patofisiología y tratamiento de la fibromialgia aparecidas en PubMed, Scielo, Hinari y Medline, además de artículos pertinentes, hasta comienzos del año 2017, de donde se seleccionaron diferentes artículos en base a la calidad, relevancia e importancia en cuanto a las nuevas directrices de esta enfermedad. La aplicación de novedosos sistemas de diagnóstico y enfrentamiento al dolor crónico aplicable en la atención primaria disminuiría el tiempo de diagnóstico, costosas pruebas, demora en el diagnóstico y mejores resultados terapéuticos en estos pacientes. El tratamiento centrado en el paciente desde la atención necesita de un grupo multidisciplinario con una alta preparación en esta enfermedad. Aunque se mantienen algunas barreras para la aplicación de un sistema de atención médica de la fibromialgia, esto permitiría un cambio muy favorable en el tratamiento de esos pacientes (AU).

ABSTRACT Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder defined by widespread pain, frequently accompanied by fatigue and sleep disturbance, affecting up to one in 20 patients in the primary care. Although most of the patients with fibromyalgia are managed in the primary care, its diagnosis and treatment are still a challenge and the patients are often referred to the consultation of other specialists. The exhaustive research, the prescription of several drugs to treat the different symptoms, the diagnosis retardation, and the increase of disability, require deeper knowledge and a treatment led by the health professional of the primary care. We reviewed the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of fibromyalgia by searching PubMed, Scielo, Hinari and Medline, and references from relevant articles published until the beginning of 2017, choosing them on the basis of quality, relevance to the illness and importance in illustrating current management pathways and the potential for future improvements. The implementation of a framework for diagnosis and chronic pain management in the primary care would reduce diagnostic time consumption, costly tests, and diagnostic delays, and will achieve better therapeutic outcomes in these patients. The patient-centred treatment from the primary care needs a multi disciplinary team highly trained in this disease. Although there are still several barriers for the application of a medical care system in fibromyalgia, It would allow a favourable change in the treatment of these patients (AU).

Construcción de conocimiento biomédico y políticas de salud: Síndrome Urémico Hemolítico y Fibromialgia / Biomedical knowledge and health policies: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Fibromyalgia

Resumen El trabajo tiene puesto su foco de atención en el proceso de construcción de conocimientos sobre enfermedades. El objetivo general es analizar ese proceso a partir de dos enfermedades en clave comparada: el Síndrome Urémico Hemolítico y la fibromialgia. Se reflexiona sobre cómo la construcción de conocimientos biomédicos modela el diseño de las políticas de salud. Nuestra estrategia de investigación se basó en el análisis de la literatura científica y de los programas de salud y proyectos de ley de Argentina. El análisis se basó en el modelo axial de categorías diagnósticas (semiológicas, morfológicas, explicativas y epidemiológicas) desarrollado por Camargo Jr. con el fin de detectar cómo se traducen los rasgos propios de la esfera biomédica en la esfera política. La investigación demostró que es decisiva la jerarquía otorgada a cada eje de definición de categoría diagnóstica al momento de diseñar una política de salud y reveló que cuando el campo biomédico no logra definir a la enfermedad en función de su raciocinio clínico-epidemiológico se invierten los roles entre la biomedicina y la política. Entonces es la política la que reconoce a la enfermedad otorgando esa legitimidad que los pacientes necesitan.

Abstract The article deals with the construction of knowledge about diseases. The general objective is to analyze the process of constructing scientific knowledge of two diseases in comparative perspective: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Fibromyalgia. The work reflects on the construction of biomedical knowledge and health policies, specifically how scientific knowledge impacts on the design of policies. Our research strategy was based on the analysis of scientific literature, health programs and bills of Argentina. The analysis was based on the axial model of diagnostic categories (semiological, morphological, explanatory and epidemiological) developed by Camargo Jr in order to detect how the distinctive features of biomedical sphere is translated into the political sphere. The investigation showed that the hierarchy given to each axis when a disease is defined at the moment of designing health policies is curcial. It also revealed that when biomedicine can not define the disease, based on their clinical and epidemiological reasoning, the roles are reversed. Then it is politics that recognizes the disease and gives the legitimacy that patients need.

Prevalence of fibromyalgia in patients treated at the bariatric surgery outpatient clinic of Hospital de Clínicas do Paraná - Curitiba / Prevalência de fibromialgia em pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório de cirurgia bariátrica do Hospital de Clínicas do Paraná - Curitiba

Abstract Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by generalized pain. It is known that obese patients have more skeletal muscle pain and physical dysfunction than normal weight patients. Therefore, it is important that the early diagnosis of FM be attained in obese patients. Objective: To determine the prevalence of FM in a group of obese patients with indication of bariatric surgery. Materials and methods: The patients were recruited from the Bariatric Surgery outpatient clinic of Hospital de Clínicas of UFPR (HC-UFPR) before being submitted to surgery. Patient assessment consisted in verifying the presence or absence of FM using the 1990 and 2011 ACR criteria, as well as the presence of comorbidities. Results: 98 patients were evaluated, of which 84 were females. The mean age was 42.07 years and the BMI was 45.39. The prevalence of FM was 34% (n = 29) according to the 1990 criteria and 45% (n = 38) according to the 2011 criteria. There was no difference in age, BMI, Epworth score and prevalence of other diseases among patients who met or not the 1990 criteria. Only depression was more common in patients with FM. (24.14% vs. 5.45%). The same findings were seen in patients that met the 2011 criteria. Conclusions: The prevalence of FM in patients with morbid obesity is extremely high. However, BMI does not differ in patients with or without FM. The presence of depression may be a risk factor for the development of FM in these patients.

Resumo Introdução: Fibromialgia (FM) é uma síndrome de dor crônica caracterizada por dor generalizada. Sabe-se que pacientes obesos têm mais dor músculo esquelética e disfunção física do que pacientes de peso normal. Portanto, é importante que o diagnóstico precoce da FM seja feito em pacientes obesos. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de FM em um grupo de pacientes obesos com indicação de cirurgia bariátrica. Materiais e métodos: Os pacientes foram captados do ambulatório de Cirurgia Bariátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR (HC-UFPR), antes de serem submetidos à cirurgia. A avaliação dos pacientes consistia em constatar a presença ou ausência de FMG pelos critérios ACR 1990 e 2011 e também a presença de comorbidades. Resultados: Foram avaliados 98 pacientes, 84 mulheres. A idade média foi de 42,07 anos e o IMC de 45,39. A prevalência de FM foi de 34% (n = 29) pelos critérios de 1990 e de 45% (n = 38) pelos de 2011. Não houve diferença em idade, IMC, escala de Epworth e prevalência de outras doenças entre pacientes que preenchiam ou não os critérios de 1990. Apenas depressão foi mais comum nas pacientes com FM (24,14% vs. 5,45%). Os mesmos achados foram vistos nas pacientes que preenchiam os critérios de 2011. Conclusões: A prevalência de FM em pacientes com obesidade mórbida é extremamente alta. Porém o IMC não difere nos pacientes com ou sem FM. A presença de depressão pode ser um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de FM nesses pacientes.

Prevalence of fibromyalgia: literature review update / A prevalência de fibromialgia: atualização da revisão de literatura

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to update the literature review on the prevalence of fibromyalgia published in 2006. A bibliographical survey was carried out from 2005 to 2014 in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS and SciELO databases and 3274 records were identified. Five researchers selected the studies, following the inclusion criteria: studies that obtained the prevalence of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia studies in associated diseases were excluded. When screening by title and abstract, 2073 irrelevant articles were excluded. The full texts of 210 articles were evaluated for eligibility and this review included 39 studies, described in 41 articles. The selected studies were grouped into four categories: (A) prevalence of fibromyalgia in the general population; (B) prevalence of fibromyalgia in women; (C) prevalence of fibromyalgia in rural and urban areas; (D) prevalence of fibromyalgia in special populations. The literature shows values of fibromyalgia prevalence in the general population between 0.2 and 6.6%, in women between 2.4 and 6.8%, in urban areas between 0.7 and 11.4%, in rural areas between 0.1 and 5.2%, and in special populations values between 0.6 and 15%. This literature review update shows a significant increase in fibromyalgia prevalence studies in the world. The new 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria have not been widely used yet and the COPCORD (Community-oriented program for control of Rheumatic Diseases) methodology has increased the quality of studies on the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in general.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo atualizar a revisão de literatura sobre a prevalência da fibromialgia (FM) publicada em 2006. Foi feito levantamento bibliográfico do período de 2005 a 2014 nas bases de dados Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs e SciELO e identificaram-se 3.274 registros. Cinco pesquisadores selecionaram os estudos, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão: estudos que obtiveram a prevalência da FM. Foram excluídos estudos da FM em doenças. Na triagem pelo título e resumo, foram excluídos 2.073 artigos irrelevantes. Foram avaliados quanto à elegibilidade os textos completos de 210 artigos, incluíram-se nesta revisão 39 estudos, descritos em 41 artigos. Os estudos selecionados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: a) prevalência da FM na população em geral; b) prevalência da FM em mulheres; c) prevalência da FM em áreas rurais e urbanas; d) prevalência da FM em populações especiais. A literatura aponta valores de prevalência da FM na população em geral entre 0,2 e 6,6%, em mulheres entre 2,4 e 6,8%, nas áreas urbanas entre 0,7 e 11,4%, nas rurais entre 0,1 e 5,2% e em populações especiais entre 0,6 e 15%. Esta atualização de revisão de literatura mostra um aumento expressivo de estudos de prevalência da FM ao redor do mundo. Os novos critérios do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia de 2010 foram ainda pouco usados e a metodologia Copcord (Programa Orientado para a Comunidade para Controle de Doenças Reumáticas) aumentou a qualidade dos estudos de prevalência de doenças reumáticas em geral.

High frequency of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism in patients with fibromyalgia: random association or misdiagnosis? / Frequência elevada de hiperparatireoidismo assintomático em pacientes com fibromialgia: associação ao acaso ou erro diagnóstico?

ABSTRACT Fibromyalgia (FM) and hyperparathyroidism may present similar symptoms (musculoskeletal pain, cognitive disorders, insomnia, depression and anxiety), causing diagnostic confusion. Objectives: To determine the frequency of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism in a sample of patients with FM and to evaluate the association of laboratory abnormalities to clinical symptoms. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 100 women with FM and 57 healthy women (comparison group). Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and albumin levels were accessed, as well as symptoms in the FM group. Results: In FM group, mean serum calcium (9.6 ± 0.98 mg/dL) and PTH (57.06 ± 68.98 pg/mL) values were considered normal, although PTH levels had been significantly higher than in the comparison group (37.12 ± 19.02 pg/mL; p = 0.001). Hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in 6% of patients with FM, and 17% of these women exhibited only high levels of PTH, featuring a normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism, with higher frequencies than those expected for their age. There was no significant association between hyperparathyroidism and FM symptoms, except for epigastric pain, which was more frequent in the group of patients concomitantly with both diseases (p = 0.012). Conclusions: A high frequency of hyperparathyroidism was noted in women with FM versus the general population. Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism was also more frequent in patients with FM. Longitudinal studies with greater number of patients are needed to assess whether this is an association by chance only, if the increased serum levels of PTH are part of FM pathophysiology, or even if these would not be cases of FM, but of hyperparathyroidism.

RESUMO A fibromialgia (FM) e o hiperparatireoidismo podem apresentar sintomas semelhantes (dores osteomusculares, distúrbios cognitivos, insônia, depressão e ansiedade) e causar confusão diagnóstica. Objetivos: Determinar a frequência de hiperparatireoidismo assintomático em uma amostra de pacientes com FM e avaliar a associação das alterações laboratoriais com a sintomatologia. Metodologia: Estudo transversal com 100 mulheres portadoras de FM e 57 mulheres saudáveis (grupo de comparação). Foram pesquisados os níveis de paratormônio (PTH), cálcio e albumina, além da pesquisa de sintomas no grupo com FM. Resultados: No grupo com FM, os valores médios de cálcio sérico (9,6 ± 0,98 mg/dL) e de PTH (57,06 ± 68,98pg/mL) foram considerados normais, embora os níveis de PTH tivessem sido significativamente maiores do que no grupo de comparação (37,12 ± 19,02 pg/mL; p = 0,001). O hiperparatireoidismo hipercalcêmico foi diagnosticado em 6% das pacientes com FM e 17% delas apresentaram apenas PTH elevado, o que caracterizou o hiperparatireoidismo normocalcêmico, frequências maiores do que esperada para a faixa etária. Não houve associação significativa entre hiperparatireoidismo e sintomas da FM, com exceção da epigastralgia, que foi mais frequente no grupo de pacientes com as duas doenças concomitantes (p = 0,012). Conclusões: Houve frequência elevada de hiperparatireoidismo em portadoras de FM quanto à população geral. Hiperparatireoidismo normocalcêmico também foi mais frequente em pacientes com FM. Estudos longitudinais e com maior número de pacientes são necessários para avaliar se trata-se apenas de uma associação ao acaso, se as elevações séricas do PTH fazem parte da fisiopatologia da FM ou, ainda, se não seriam casos de FM, e sim de hiperparatireoidismo.

Prevalencia de fibromialgia en el distrito de Chiclayo / Prevalence of fibromyalgia in Chiclayo district

Determinar la prevalencia de fibromialgia en el distrito de Chiclayo. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, exploratorio realizado en habitantes entre 18 a 65 años. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio, por conglomerados, estratificado, multietápico. Se dividió al distrito en 34 zonas según el mapa catastral actualizado al año 2011; se aplicó el cuestionario LFESSQ (cuestionario inglés para el tamizaje epidemiológico de la Fibromialgia), versión en español: Los individuos con dolor corporal difuso en el tamizaje fueron evaluados por el investigador principal mediante los criterios del Colegio Americano de Reumatología de 1990. Resultados: Se entrevistaron 548 habitantes; 504 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, 333 (66,3%) fueron mujeres. Los antecedentes más frecuentes fueron: diagnóstico previo de depresión 14 (2,5%); hipotiroidismo 11(2%) y ansiedad 8(1,4%). La media de edad fue 39,7 +- 13,6 años; la prevalencia de dolor corporal difuso fue 8,1 % (IC95%: 4,9-9,4%) y la de fibromialgia 2,99%, (IC95%: 1,5-4,4%); la prevalencia en hombres fue 4,1% Y en mujeres 2,4%; no se hallaron diferencias sociodemográficas entre los entrevistados con dolor corporal difuso y los que tuvieron fibromialgia; en los entrevistados con fibromialgia se halló mayor cantidad de puntos dolorosos (p= 0,0001) Y mayor frecuencia de insomnio (p=0,0024); Conclusiones: El dolor corporal difuso y la fibromialgia tienen una prevalencia similar a la reportada en otros estudios. Existen diferencias clínicas entre los pacientes con dolor corporal difuso y los pacientes con fibromialgia...

To determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia in Chiclayo district. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional study was conducted among habitants from 18 to 65 years. A random, conglomerate and stratified sample was obtained. The district was divided in 34 zones based on a 2011 census. A Spanish version of a questionnaire that looked for symptoms of fibromyalgia was applied, Individuals with diffuse body aches identified through the questionnaire were evaluated by the principal investigator following the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology of 1990. Results: 548 habitants were interviewed; 504 fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 333 (66.3%) were females. The most common underlying medical conditions were depression (14, 2.5%); hypothyroidism (11, 2%) and anxiety (8, 1.4%). Mean age was 39.7 ± 13.6 years; the prevalence of diffuse body aches was 8.1 % (95% CI: 4.9-9.4) and of fibromyalgia was 2.99% (95% CI: 1.5-4.4); the prevalence in males was 4.1% and 2.4% in females; there were no sociodemographic differences between patients with diffuse body aches and fibromyalgia. Among those with fibromyalgia, there was higher number of painful zones (p=O.OOO 1) and higher frequency of insomnia (p=0.0024). Conclusions: Diffuse body aches and fibromyalgia had similar prevalence rates than previously reported in other studies. There are clinical differences between patients with diffuse body aches and fibromyalgia...

Correlação entre variáveis demográficas e clínicas, e a gravidade da fibromialgia / Correlation between demographic and clinical variables and fibromyalgia severity

INTRODUÇÃO: A fibromialgia (FM) é uma condição reumatológica que se caracteriza por um quadro de dor crônica generalizada, hiperalgesia e alodinia. Podem estar presentes sintomas como fadiga, distúrbios do sono, rigidez matinal, cefaleia e parestesias. Também está associada a outras comorbidades, como depressão, ansiedade, síndrome do intestino irritável, síndrome miofascial e síndrome uretral inespecífica. Poucos trabalhos têm abordado a evolução da FM, em especial em relação a médio e longo prazo. Por que alguns pacientes se saem melhor do que outros, apesar de serem submetidos ao mesmo tratamento? OBJETIVO: Determinar se há correlação entre variáveis demográficas e clínicas, e a gravidade da FM. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Sessenta mulheres que preencheram os critérios de classificação para FM do American College of Rheumatology de 1990 foram divididas em três grupos, de acordo com a gravidade estabelecida pelo Questionário de Impacto da Fibromialgia (FIQ): severa (70-100); moderada (50-70) e leve (0-50). RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas nove variáveis demográficas e clínicas, sendo observada diferença significativa (P < 0,05) apenas nos grupos de maiores escores do FIQ, com a presença de depressão e interesses trabalhistas. CONCLUSÃO: O impacto da FM medido pelo FIQ se correlaciona diretamente com a intensidade da depressão e a presença de interesses trabalhistas.

INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a rheumatic condition characterized by a picture of generalized chronic pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia. Symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disorders, morning stiffness, headache and paresthesia can also be present. It is also associated with other comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome and nonspecific urethral syndrome. Few studies have addressed the evolution of FM, especially regarding medium and long-term evolution, such as why some patients do better than others, despite the fact of being submitted to the same treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a correlation between demographic and clinical variables and FM severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty women who met the classification criteria for FM of the American College of Rheumatology of 1990 were divided into three groups, according to the severity established by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ): severe (70-100), moderate (50 to 70) and mild (0 to 50). RESULTS: Nine demographic and clinical variables were assessed, with a significant difference (P <0.05) being observed only in the groups showing higher FIQ scores with the presence of depression and workers' compensation interests. Conclusion: The impact of FM measured by the FIQ is directly correlated with the severity of depression and the presence of workers' compensation interests.

Estudo clínico-epidemiológico de fibromialgia em um hospital universitário do Sul do Brasil / Clinical and epidemiological study of fibromyalgia in a university hospital in Southern Brazil

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: A fibromialgia é uma condição caracterizada por dor generalizada, comumente associada à fadiga e a distúrbios cognitivos, afetivos e do sono. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil socioeducacional e o desempenho em escalas de avaliação da doença, além de comparar os diferentes critérios de classificação da fibromialgia e descrever outras características dos pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de fibromialgia de um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado por meio de análise de questionários com padrão EpiFibro aplicados a 146 mulheres com fibromialgia durante consulta ambulatorial. RESULTADOS: Entre os resultados, destacaram-se os seguintes: maior sensibilidade dos critérios do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia de 2010 em relação aos de 1990; baixas renda e escolaridade das pacientes; alta prevalência de distúrbios do sono, cefaleia e parestesias; longo tempo entre o início dos sintomas e o diagnóstico; e não utilização dos tratamentos farmacológicos e não farmacológicos de primeira linha na fibromialgia. CONCLUSÃO: Em nosso meio, os pacientes com fibromialgia geralmente passam por problemas como a demora diagnóstica, mau controle dos sintomas e tratamento não otimizado...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Fibromyalgia is acondition featured by generalized pain, usually associated with fatigue, and cognitive, affective, and sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to describe the social-economical profile, and the performance in scales for evaluation of the disease; to compare the different classification criteria of fibromyalgia; and to describe other features of patients seen in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital. METHODS: The study was conducted through the analysis of EpiFibro questionnaires, applied to 146 women with fibromyalgia during medical consultation. RESULTS: Among the results, we highlight: greater sensibility of the 2010 American College of Rheumatology Criteria, compared to those of 1990's; patients low income and instruction levels; high prevalence of sleep disorders, headache and numbness; the long time between symptoms onset and diagnosis, and non-utilization of first line pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for fibromyalgia. CONCLUSION: In our area, patients with fibromyalgia have problems such as delay in diagnosis, poor symptom control and non-optimized treatment...

EpiFibro - um banco de dados nacional sobre a síndrome da fibromialgia: análise inicial de 500 mulheres / EpiFibro - a nationwide databank for fibromyalgia syndrome: the initial analysis of 500 women

INTRODUÇÃO: A fibromialgia (FM) é uma condição dolorosa do sistema musculoesquelético, geralmente acompanhada de vários sintomas em outros sistemas, com uma prevalência no Brasil estimada em 2,5%. Apresentamos os dados iniciais do EpiFibro, um banco de dados nacional de pacientes com FM atendidos em serviços públicos e privados. OBJETIVO: Avaliar como é feito o diagnóstico da doença, identificar um conjunto de domínios clínicos considerados relevantes por médicos e por pacientes com FM, analisar o impacto da doença na qualidade de vida dos pacientes e comparar os achados entre pacientes de serviços público e privado. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas as respostas das primeiras 500 mulheres nesse banco de dados. Esse banco de dados foi baseado em um questionário contendo dados demográficos e clínicos. O Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), traduzido e validado para o Brasil, foi preenchido pelos médicos e/ou pacientes. RESULTADOS: Uma análise preliminar do banco de dados EpiFibro revelou que as pacientes com FM no Brasil têm um alto impacto da doença avaliada pelo FIQ, uma alta prevalência de sintomas associados, um baixo grau de educação (um achado que pode ser explicado pelo fato de a saúde pública no Brasil ser usada principalmente por aqueles desfavorecidos socialmente) e a maioria percebe a sua dor como sendo difusa a partir do início da doença. CONCLUSÃO: Depressão e ansiedade são percebidas como as principais causas dos sintomas da FM, mas uma quantidade significativa considera o esforço no trabalho como o primeiro gatilho. Há um atraso de poucos anos em busca de ajuda médica e para chegar ao reumatologista.

INTRODUCTION: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) is a common painful condition of the musculoskeletal system that is typically accompanied by several symptoms in other systems. In Brazil, the prevalence of FS is estimated at 2.5%. Here, we present the initial data from Epi-Fibro, a nationwide databank of FS patients seen in public and private settings. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to assess how the diagnosis of FS was made, identify a set of clinical domains considered relevant by both clinicians and patients in cases of FS, analyse the impact of disease on patient quality of life, and compare the findings among patients of public and private services. METHODS: Based on the results of questionnaires, we analysed data corresponding to the first 500 women in the database. Questionnaires pertaining to demographic and clinical data and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), which was translated and validated for Brazilian patients, were completed by the clinicians and/or patients. RESULTS: Preliminary analysis of the EpiFibro databank revealed that female FS patients in Brazil reported a high impact of disease, as measured by the FIQ, a high prevalence of associated symptoms, and a low degree of education (consistent with the public health care in Brazil used mainly by the underserved). In addition, most patients perceived their pain as diffuse from the onset of disease. CONCLUSION: Depression and anxiety were seen as the main triggers of FM symptoms, but a significant proportion of the subjects perceived work strain as the initial trigger.We also observed a delay of a few years in seeking medical help and examination by a rheumatologist.

Disease activity score in rheumatoid arthritis with or without secondary fibromyalgia

To correlate disease activity score [DAS-28] in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis [RA] with and without secondary fibromyalgia. Comparative cross-sectional study. Department of Rheumatology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from November 2011 to April 2012. Patients aged above 16 years diagnosed to have rheumatoid arthritis according to ACR/EULAR criteria 2010 were included in the study. Fibromyalgia [FM] was diagnosed by ACR 1990 criteria. Patients of other autoimmune diseases or psychiatric illnesses were excluded. DAS was determined and compared using t-test with significance at p < 0.05. The mean age of study subjects was 42.9 years. Thirty one out of total 138 patients had fibromyalgia [22.4%]. Female gender was predominant [92.0%]; being 96.8% in patients with and in 88.2% without fibromyalgia. The average DAS score was high [5.3 + 1.5] in fibromyalgia patients compared to those without fibromyalgia [3.9 + 1.2]; this difference in mean value was statistically significant [p = < 0.001]. DAS-28 is a useful tool for assessing rheumatoid arthritis disease status in outpatient setting, however, increased disease activity must be assessed for possible co-existence of fibromyalgia which can spuriously give high DAS value and adversely affect treatment decision

Fibromialgia en el distrito de Lambayeque: un estudio preliminar / Fibromyalgia syndrome in Lambayeque District: a preliminary study

Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia del síndrome de fibromialgia en el distrito de Lambayeque y validar localmente los tests de Zung para ansiedad y depresión. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, trasversal y prospectivo; muestreo aleatorio, estratificado, bietápico. El distrito de Lambayeque fue dividido en cinco zonas arbitrarias para el muestreo. Ocho alumnos de la Escuela de Medicina fueron capacitados en la aplicación de los criterios del American College of Rheumathology de 1990 para el diagnóstico de fibromialgia. Se aplicó los tests de Zung de depresión y ansiedad y una ficha de recolección de datos para diagnóstico de Fibromialgia. Resultados. Se entrevistó a 94 personas. El promedio de edad fue de 37,3 ± 12,3 años; hubo 74 mujeres (78,7%). El valor de los coeficientes de Alfa de Cronbach para los tests de depresión y ansiedad de Zung fueron de 0,71 y 0,73. Se identificó cuatro pacientes con fibromialgia (4,2%), cuatro con síndrome depresivo (4,2%) y nueve de síndrome ansioso (9,7%). Conclusión. La frecuencia de fibromialgia en el distrito de Lambayeque fue relativamente común y los test de Zung para depresión y ansiedad tuvieron validez y confiabilidad aceptables en dicha población.

Objective. To determine the frequency of the fibromyalgia syndrome in Lambayeque and to validate the Zung Test for Depression and Anxiety in these city. Material and methods. A descriptive, transversal and prospective study was done, with randomized, bietapic and stratified sampling. The district of Lambayeque was divided into five arbitrary areas for sampling. Eight medical students were trained in the application of the criteria of the American College of Rheumathology of 1990 and the Zung tests for Depression and Anxiety. Results. Ninety-four people were interviewed; the average age was 37,3 ± 12,3 year-old; there were 74 (78,7%) women and 20 (21,3%) men. The CronbachÆs alpha coefficient values were 0,71 y 0,73 for depression and anxiety. There were four with fibromyalgia (4,2%), four patients with depressive syndrome (4,2%) and nine cases of anxiety (9,7%). Conclusion. Fibromyalgia is a relatively common entity in the Lambayeque district and the Zung tests for depression and anxiety had an acceptable reliability and validity for that population.

Concomitância de fibromialgia em pacientes com espondilite anquilosante / Occurrence of fibromyalgia in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

INTRODUÇÃO: A Espondilite Anquilosante (EA) é uma doença inflamatória crônica que acomete o esqueleto axial. Cursa com dor e incapacidade funcional. Para medir o impacto da EA na vida dos pacientes são utilizados questionários que avaliam a atividade da doença (BASDAI); a incapacidade funcional (BASFI); e a qualidade de vida (ASQoL). A Fibromialgia (FM) é uma das causas mais comuns de dor generalizada e pode coexistir com outras doenças; pode ser avaliada por meio do questionário de impacto da Fibromialgia (FIQ). Há poucos estudos demonstrando correlações entre FM e EA. O presente estudo obteve dados referentes ao perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com EA e FM e avaliou a prevalência de FM em portadores de EA. Avaliou-se a interferência da FM nos escores dos testes BASDAI, BASFI e ASQoL. PACIENTES E MÉTODO: Foram incluídos 71 pacientes portadores de EA diagnosticados de acordo com os critérios modificados de Nova York. Avaliação clínica, funcional e aplicação dos testes BASDAI, BASFI e ASQoL foram realizados. Os pacientes com diagnóstico de FM foram avaliados com o FIQ. RESULTADOS: Onze pacientes preencheram os critérios para FM, observando-se assim uma prevalência de 15 por cento de FM entre os pacientes com EA, sendo mais frequente entre as mulheres (3,8:1). A idade de início da doença (EA) foi de 27,5 anos. O antígeno HLA-B27 foi positivo na grande maioria (80,4 por cento). Comparando-se as médias dos testes BASDAI, BASFI e ASQoL, verificou-se que os valores são significativamente superiores (P < 0,01) entre os pacientes com FM. Concluiu-se que a coexistência da FM pode piorar os aspectos de atividade na EA, a incapacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida.

INTRODUCTION: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the axial skeletal system, causing pain and functional incapacity. To measure the impact of AS on patient's life, questionnaires are used to assess disease activity (BASDAI); functional incapacity (BASFI); and quality of life (ASQoL). Fibromyalgia (FM) is one of the most common causes of generalized pain and can coexist with other diseases; it can be assessed by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Few studies have demonstrated correlations between FM and AS. The present study obtained data regarding the epidemiologic profile of patients with AS and FM and evaluated the prevalence of FM in patients with AS. The FM influence on BASDAI, BASFI and ASQoL test scores was assessed. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 71 patients with AS, diagnosed according to the modified New York criteria, were studied. Clinical and functional assessment was performed and BASDAI, BASFI and ASQoL tests were applied. Patients with a diagnosis of FM were evaluated through the FIQ. RESULTS: Eleven patients met the criteria for FM; thus a FM prevalence of 15 percent was observed among the patients with AS. FM was more prevalent among women (3.8:1). Age at disease onset (AS) was 27.5 years. The HLA-B27 antigen was positive in most of them (80.4 percent). When comparing BASDAI, BASFI and ASQoL test means, it was observed that values are significantly higher (P < 0.01) among patients with FM. We concluded that the coexistence of FM can worsen AS activity aspects, as well as functional incapacity and quality of life.

Pacientes com fibromialgia atendidos no Ambulatório de Dor da Unifesp / Fibromyalgia patients attended in the outpatients Pain Sector of Federal University of São Paulo

Foi feita análise de prontuários de pacientes com fibromialgia atendidos no Setor de Dor da Unifesp no período de um ano, anotando dados, como idade, sexo, estado civil, ocupação, outras síndromes dolorosas associadas e tratamentos.

Estudo do perfil lipídico de pacientes com fibromialgia / Study of the lipid profile of patients with fibromyalgia

A fibromialgia é uma síndrome caracterizada por dor musculoesquelética generalizada que acomete principalmente mulheres de meia-idade. Na literatura, alguns estudos têm relacionado doenças musculoesqueléticas com dislipidemia, porém somente um trabalho avaliou esta relação com fibromialgia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil lipídico de pacientes com fibromialgia comparando-o com uma amostra de controles. Participaram do estudo 42 mulheres com fibromialgia e 42 mulheres sem queixa de dor. Não foi observada diferença entre o perfil lipídico destas populações.

Nuevas enfermedades ¿del alma?: reflexiones psicosomáticas a propósito de algunas analogías estructurales entre síndrome de fatiga crónica, fibromialgia y sensitividad química múltiple / New maladies - of the soul?: reflections concerning some structural analogies among chronic fatigue syndrome fibromyalgie and multiple chemical sensitivities

Introducción. En los últimos años se ha observado la expansión de una serie de cuadros clínicos situados en la frontera entre el soma y la psique. Entre ellos cabe destacar el síndrome de fatiga crónica (CFS), la fibromialgia (FM) y la enfermedad medioambiental sensitividad química múltiple (MCS). En la actualidad, no hay un consenso científico a propósito de etiología, patogénesis y tratamiento de las afecciones nombradas, lo que ha impedido que se formula una respuesta clínica adecuada a dichas molestias. Dada la mencionada falta de homogeneización de criterios los autores proponen someter a dichas enfermedades a un análisis crítico desde un punto de vista comparativo. CFS, FM y MCS, pensadas desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria, más que genuinas enfermedades orgánicas parecen ser el resultado sobredeterminado de la confluencia simultánea de múltiples factores psicosociales. Recuperando el concepto de somatización, por un lado, y el de angustia, por el otro, los autores proponen un enfoque psicosomático de CFS, FM y MCS, basado en sus respectivas analogías estructurales.

Introduction. Recent years have seen an increase in several illnesses located on the border between body and mind. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), fibromyalgia (FM) and multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) are particularly prominent members of this group. There is currently no scientific consensus on the etiology, pathogenesis and medical treatment of these maladies, and, consequently, no adequate clinical response has been formulated. Considering the lack of homogeneous criteria, the authors carry out a critical analysis from a comparative point of view. CFS, FM and CFS, seen from an interdisciplinary perspective, seem to be more the result of the simultaneous confluence of multiple psychosocial factors than genuine organic diseases. Using the concepts of somatization and anxiety, the authors propose a complementary psychosomatic approach based on the structural analogies of CFS, FM and MCS.